The Persian language (or Farsi, as it is also called) has an official status in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and is also spoken in Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Armenia. Totally there are about 60-70 million speakers of the language. Persian is a language of great importance which influenced neighboring languages in Central Asia. 

Persian belongs to the  Iranian group of the Indo-European language family. It is closely related to Kurdish, Baluchi, Lurish, Pashto.  
Persian comes from the proto-Iranian language, which was wide-spread in Central Asia earlier than two thousand years BC. The proto-Iranian speaking tribes lived in a large area stretching from western Europe to China. The proto-Iranian language was related to the proto-Indo-Aryan, the ancestor of the modern Hindi and other Indic languages.

Divergence of the proto-Iranian language took place in the second millennium with the migration of  the Iranian tribes and their resettlement. The Iranian tribes, isolated by the natural borders, eventually developed independent languages. Some ancient texts written in Old Iranian languages were found and most of them are written in Old Persian or Median.

Later the Iranian languages differentiated a lot and obtained new peculiar features. They formed two independent language groups: Western and Eastern. The importance of the Iranian languages and dialects changed with the natural course of history.  Firstly the most prestigious dialect was Pahlavi, but then it was replaced by Dari, the dialect used by the Persian royal court.  Dari is the base for the Standard New Persian.

The Persian language uses a slightly modified form of  the Arabic script for writing. The script was adopted by the Persians during the Islamic conquest.

The Persians call their language "Parsi"and the Arabics – "Farsi", because they don't  have the sound [p] in Arabic. In the Western world the language is called either "Persian" or "Farsi".

The normal word order in Persian is the Subject-Object-Verb order. In a complex sentence the subordinate clause normally follows the main clause. There is no grammatical category of gender or case in Persian and only the remnants of the accusative case remain. The absence of case causes the intensive preposition usage in Persian.

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